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 Fig. 1. Two-dimensional light scattering patterns are excellent indicators of both the shape and orientation of single particles (for example, Kaye PH et al 2008). Sample patterns shown here were acquired with an imaging nephelometer (scattering angle 5°-30°, along the radius; azimuth angle 0°-360°; for example, Hirst E et al 2004). The patterns represent (P. H. Kaye; top-to-bottom row, left-to-right within row, else point to an image to see its description; elongated particles tend to align axially with the airflow in the instrument, i.e. the vertical direction in the images; left to right):Top row Curved chrysotile asbestos fiber, vertically aligned Salt (NaCl) cube, ~2.5 µm side-length, corner-on to beam Water droplet, ~3 µm diam. Middle row Salt cube edge-on to beam Straigh crocidolite asbestos fiber, vertically aligned Irregular cubic particle from a dry powder metered-dose inhaler Bottom row Droplet of oleic acid with a water inclusion Flake of copper, ~5 µm diameter, 0.2 µm thick Ambient lab-air particle. Images: courtesy of P. H. Kaye |
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